JEJAK BUDAYA SAGU DAN TRADISI PENGELOLAAN HUTAN SAGU DI KAWASAN DANAU SENTANI, PAPUA
Abstract
Hutan sagu dijumpai di kawasan Danau Sentani, di Papua. Tanaman sagu ini sudah ada sejak nenek moyang etnis Sentani tiba pertama kali di kawasan danau ini, dan pengelolaan hutan sagu merupakan identitas masyarakat Sentani. Selain sebagai sumber pangan, sagu juga memiliki nilai filosofis dari segi kearifan lokal yang harus dijaga karena mengandung aspek lingkungan dan budaya. Saat ini, hutan sagu ditantang oleh modernisasi. Persoalan mendasar dari tantangan tersebut adalah bagaimana masyarakat Sentani mampu mempertahankan tradisi pengelolaan hutan sagu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keberadaan budaya sagu dan tradisi pengelolaan hutan sagu oleh etnis Sentani di kawasan Danau Sentani. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan etnoarkeologi yang berupaya untuk mengkaji perilaku masyarakat Sentani dalam mendukung kearifan lokal dalam pengelolaan sagu dan menjawab permasalahan modernisasi yang terjadi di kawasan Danau Sentani. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka, wawancara, survei arkeologi, dan observasi lapangan. Bukti arkeologi menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan sagu sebagai bahan makanan sudah ada sejak zaman prasejarah. Artefak terkait sagu yang ditemukan dari situs-situs di kawasan Danau Sentani adalah pecahan tembikar dan alat tokok sagu. Pembangunan infrastruktur modern akhir-akhir ini mulai merusak hutan sagu. Kondisi tersebut makin diperparah dengan penggunaan mesin pengolah sagu modern yang lebih efisien, tetapi tidak mempertimbangkan laju pertumbuhan pohon sagu sehingga menyebabkan cepatnya kepunahan tanaman sagu. Tanaman sagu sangat bermanfaat bagi masyarakat Sentani, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pelestarian hutan sagu yang berbasis kearifan lokal.
Sago forests grow in the Sentani Lake region, in Papua, and the management of sago forests is known as the identity of the Sentani people. Sago conveys a philosophical value of local wisdom concerning environmental and cultural aspects. This research aimed to understand the sago culture and the sago forest management tradition of the Sentani people. An ethnoarchaeological approach and data obtainment was performed through literature study, interviews, archaeological surveys, and field observations. Results show that people have regarded sago as a constituent food since prehistoric periods. Sago-related artifacts recovered from the Sentani sites were potsherds and sago felling tools. Today, the
development of modern infrastructure and the use of modern machines have begun to destroy sago forests. Such circumstance causes the rapid extinction of sago plants. Sago plants are beneficial to the people of Sentani. Therefore, it is necessary to preserve sago forests based on local wisdom.
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