LEKSIKON, BENTUK DAN FUNGSI RUANG, SERTA MAKNA ORNAMEN RUMAH ADAT BANJAR “BUBUNGAN TINGGI”
Abstract
Rumah adat Banjar “Bubungan Tinggi” mempunyai bentuk dan bagian-bagian khas yang berbeda dari rumah adat yang lainnya. Meskipun penelitian tentang rumah adat Banjar sudah banyak dilakukan, belum ada yang membahas leksikon-leksikon rumah adat “Bubungan Tinggi” dalam kajian ilmu etnosemantik secara khusus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui deskripsi suatu benda berdasarkan sosial kultural masyarakat penutur bahasa. Secara lebih rinci adalah memahami penggambaran leksikon konstruksi utama bangunan “Bubungan Tinggi” berdasarkan bentuk dan fungsi, wujud leksikon ruangan rumahnya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dengan teknik wawancara, observasi dan studi pustaka. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan teknik identifikasi sesuai dengan aspek yang diteliti, menyeleksi data, mengklasifikasi, menyesuaikan data, membahas, dan terakhir menyimpulkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rumah “Bubungan Tinggi” bercirikan arsitektur rumah panggung, dengan bubungan atap yang tinggi, serta memiliki dua anjung di bagian kiri dan kanan bangunan. Konstruksi utama bangunan memiliki bentuk dan fungsi masing-masing yang khas yang tampak pada leksikon tihang, lantai, lalungkang, lawang, lis, tawing, tataban, atap, dan tangga. Leksikon lain yang signifikan tampak pada bentuk dan fungsi ruangan-ruangannya, yaitu palatar, panampik, palidangan, anjung, padapuran. Selanjutnya, motif ukiran flora dan kaligrafi yang digunakan dalam ornamen rumah “Bubungan Tinggi” pun mempunyai leksikon, dengan makna simbolis sebagai bagian dari makna semantis yang melambangkan kehidupan sosial budaya masyarakat Banjar. Leksikon”Bubungan Tinggi” perlu diperkenalkan kembali kepada masyarakat khususnya generasi muda, sebagai upaya untuk merevitalisasi kembali rumah adat dan maknanya, agar tidak punah dan tergantikan dengan rumah-rumah modern.
. The Banjar traditional house "Bubungan Tinggi" has distinctive shapes and parts that are different from other traditional houses. Although much research has been done on Banjar traditional houses, none has discussed the lexicons of “Bubungan Tinggi,” in the study of ethnosemantics particularly. This research aims to determine the description of an object based on the socio-culture of its language speakers. A more elaborate objective is to understand the lexicon depiction of the main construction of the "Bubungan Tinggi" based on the form and function, as well as the lexicon of space within the house. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method, where data collection was carried out by interviews, observation, and literature study. Data processing was carried out using identification techniques according to the aspects studied, selecting data, classifying, adjusting data, discussing, and finally inferring. The study resulted that the "Bubungan Tinggi" house is characterized by the architecture of a stilt house, with a high roof, and has two annexes each on the left and right of the building. The main construction of the building has its distinct form and function which can be seen in the lexicon of pillars, floors, windows, doors, frames, walls, plinths, roofs, and stairs. Other significant lexicons are seen in the form and function of the rooms, which refer to the terrace, small room, family room, annex, and kitchen. Furthermore, the floral and calligraphic carving motifs used in the “Bubungan Tinggi” house ornaments also have lexicons, with symbolic significance as part of the semantic meaning that refers to the socio-cultural life of the Banjar people. The lexicons of "Bubungan Tinggi" of the Banjar traditional house need to be reintroduced to the public, especially the younger generation, as an effort to revitalize the traditional house and its meaning; hence the “Bubungan Tinggi” will not become extinct and is replaced by modern houses.
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