BENTUK, KRONOLOGI, DAN ASAL TEMBIKAR KUNO DI DATARAN RENDAH LAMPUNG
Abstract
Tembikar merupakan artefak arkeologi yang dibuat dari tanah liat bakar yang secara umum berfungsi sebagai peralatan sehari-hari. Tembikar banyak ditemukan di situs-situs arkeologi, termasuk di dataran rendah Lampung. Penelitian desk study tahun 2020-2021 melakukan analisis mengenai rekonstruksi bentuk, kronologi, dan asal tembikar Lampung dengan metode gabungan kuantitatif melalui uji laboratorium X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Petrografi, dan Thermoluminescence. Metode kualitatif pun digunakan untuk rekonstruksi hasil selective sampling dengan menggunakan Rhinoceros software dan didukung pendekatan sejarah. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui kecenderungan varian bentuk, kronologi, dan asal tembikar Lampung secara umum. Penelitian ini menghasilkan bentuk yang direkonstruksi berupa wadah sehari-hari terbanyak berupa mangkuk, cawan, dan jambangan. Cakupan kronologi tembikar adalah sejak abad ke-12 hingga ke-20 Masehi. Adapun asal produksi tembikar diketahui melalui pendekatan geologis dan sejarah, dan diduga di sekitar kawasan Kayu Agung Palembang dan Bakung Udik, Lampung.
Pottery is an archaeological artefact made from baked clay, which functions as a daily tool. Pottery has been found in archaeological sites, including Lampung lowlands. The 2020-2021 desk study analyses were carried out to reconstruct the form of pottery and to understand the chronology as well as the origin of the Lampung pottery using a quantitative combined method through laboratory tests of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Petrography, and Thermoluminescence. Qualitative methods were also used to reconstruct the results of selective sampling using the Rhinoceros software supported by a historical approach. The purpose of this research is to know the favourable varieties of form, chronology, and origin of Lampung pottery in general. This research resulted in reconstructed forms of dominant pottery containers common for daily use such as bowls, cups, and vases. The chronology of pottery covers from the 12th to the 20th century. The origin of pottery production is known through a geological and historical approach and suggested to be manufactured around the Kayu Agung Palembang and Bakung Udik regions, in Lampung.
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