KARAKTERISTIK BENTANGLAHAN ARKEOLOGI DI WILAYAH LASEM, JAWA TENGAH
Abstract
Studi bentanglahan arkeologi atau bentang arkeologi ditujukan untuk mengetahui bentuk dan pola persebaran data arkeologi pada suatu bentanglahan fisik tertentu. Wilayah Lasem di Jawa Tengah merupakan suatu kawasan yang dikategorikan sebagai suatu bentang arkeologi, yang anasir pembentuknya berupa bentanglahan fisik sebagai lokasi keberadaannya. Dalam upaya mendapatkan variabel-variabel yang dapat menjadi penentu kriteria suatu bentanglahan arkeologi, maka perlu penelitian mendalam tentang karakteristik bentanglahan di kawasan Lasem. Dengan demikian, dapat diketahui sejauh mana keterkaitan variabel-variabel tersebut sebagai faktor pendorong perkembangan budaya di wilayah Lasem. Sintesis penelitian berdasarkan data bentanglahan dan kesejarahan wilayah Lasem menunjukkan bahwa kawasan tersebut mengandung dua karakteristik bentang arkeologi yang dilandasi, a) aspek kronologi atau pendekatan waktu, yaitu periode Klasik, Islam, dan Kolonial; b) aspek ekologi yang berkaitan dengan keletakannya pada suatu topografi dan bentuklahan. Berdasarkan atas fungsinya, karakteristik bentang arkeologi dari tiga periodisasi tersebut, dapat dikelompokkan dalam kategori fungsi-fungsi ekonomi, sosial, politik, dan budaya.
The study of archaeological landscapes aims to determine the shape and distribution pattern of archaeological data on a particular physical landscape. The Lasem area in Central Java is a region that is categorized as an archaeological landscape, whose constituent elements are physical landscapes as its location. To obtain variables that can determine the criteria for an archaeological landscape, it is necessary to carry out in-depth research on the characteristics of the landscape in the Lasem area. Thus, to what extent these variables are related to the driving factors of cultural development in the Lasem region can be understood. Based on the landscape and historical data of the Lasem area, the research synthesis shows that this region contains two characteristics of the archaeological landscape which are established by aspects of a) chronology or approach to time, which are the periods of Classic, Islamic and Colonial; and b) ecology, relating to its location in topography and landforms. Based on their functions, the characteristics of archaeological landscapes from the three periods can be grouped into economic, social, political and cultural functions.
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