PROSES PEMBENTUKAN BUDAYA DAN DINAMIKA FUNGSI SARKOFAGUS PADA DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI PETANU [CULTURAL FORMATION PROCESS AND THE FUNCTION DYNAMICS OF SARCOPHAGUS IN THE PETANU RIVER CATCHMENT]
Abstract
Terdapat tiga daerah aliran sungai (DAS) yang mengandung tinggalan arkeologi yang tinggi, antara lain adalah DAS Pakerisan, DAS Wos, dan DAS Petanu. Salah satu tinggalan arkeologi masa prasejarah yang ditemukan pada DAS Petanu adalah sarkofagus. Sarkofagus DAS Petanu masih difungsikan oleh penduduk setempat sampai saat ini. Sarkofagus masuk kembali dalam sistem konteks sekali lagi, setelah melalui serangkaian proses pembentukan budaya, dan perubahan fungsi dalam tatanan kehidupan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami proses pembentukan budaya yang terjadi pada sarkofagus. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan fungsi sarkofagus dan faktor yang melatarbelakangi perubahan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan induktif-kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Sarkofagus telah mengalami berbagai proses mulai dari buat, pakai, buang, hingga digunakan kembali oleh masyarakat setempat saat ini. Terlepas dari signifikansinya dalam sistem ideologis, sarkofagus telah mengalami pergeseran fungsi dari konteks pemakaman menjadi ritus keagamaan yang lebih sakral. Perubahan fungsi sarkofagus ini disebabkan karena adanya perubahan ideologi masyarakat masa kini, dan adanya kepercayaan mengenai kekuatan benda kuno dalam masyarakat Hindu di Bali.
There are three river catchments (DAS) that present abundant archaeological remains, including the Pakerisan, the Wos, and the Petanu. One of the prehistoric archaeological remains found in the Petanu river catchment is a sarcophagus. The sarcophagi of the Petanu river catchment are still used by local residents today. After going through a series of processes of cultural formation and changes in function in people’s living structure, once again the Petanu sarcophagi re-enters a context system. This study aims to comprehend the cultural formation process that has affected the purpose of the Petanu sarcophagi. Further, this study also aims to determine changes in the function of sarcophagi and the factors which caused the changes. This study uses qualitative-inductive reasoning. Data was collected by interview, observation, and literature study. The sarcophagi have undergone various processes ranging from making, using, disposing of, to being reused by the local community today. Despite its significance in the ideological system, the sarcophagus has undergone a shift in function from the context of a funeral to that of a more sacred religious rite. Such alteration in the function of the sarcophagus is due to changes in the ideology of today's society, and the belief in the power of ancient objects in Hindu society in Bali.
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